{"id":3711,"date":"2023-09-20T02:30:16","date_gmt":"2023-09-20T02:30:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tdi_99_89e"},"modified":"2026-04-29T16:50:19","modified_gmt":"2026-04-29T16:50:19","slug":"style-magazine-removes-its-rule-about-running-woman-only-covers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/muambimagazine.com\/index.php\/2023\/09\/20\/style-magazine-removes-its-rule-about-running-woman-only-covers\/","title":{"rendered":"La RD Congo sous protectorat am\u00e9ricain ?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"max-width:600px\"><strong>Tribune &#8211; Freddy Mulumba Kabuayi<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">Le politologue Freddy Mulumba Kabuayi analyse l\u2019accord strat\u00e9gique sign\u00e9 en d\u00e9cembre 2025 entre la R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo et les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 comme un partenariat \u00ab minerais contre s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00bb. Il y voit un tournant majeur, assimilable \u00e0 un protectorat am\u00e9ricain de facto, qu\u2019il consid\u00e8re toutefois comme \u00ab le moindre mal \u00bb apr\u00e8s trois d\u00e9cennies de conflits et de pillages dans l\u2019Est du pays.<\/mark><\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">Ancien dirigeant de la RTNC et analyste engag\u00e9, il se positionne comme un d\u00e9fenseur de la souverainet\u00e9 et de l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 territoriale de la RDC, d\u00e9non\u00e7ant r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement les risques de balkanisation. Selon lui, cet accord s\u2019inscrit dans la rivalit\u00e9 g\u00e9opolitique entre Washington et P\u00e9kin autour des minerais strat\u00e9giques congolais.<\/mark><\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">S\u2019il reconna\u00eet que ce partenariat pourrait contribuer \u00e0 restaurer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et l\u2019autorit\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00c9tat, il rappelle qu\u2019il r\u00e9pond d\u2019abord aux int\u00e9r\u00eats am\u00e9ricains. Il appelle ainsi \u00e0 une gestion souveraine et transparente des ressources au service du d\u00e9veloppement national.<\/mark><\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"684\" src=\"https:\/\/muambimagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/AP24196753059816-1024x684-f50_50.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4356\" srcset=\"https:\/\/muambimagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/AP24196753059816-1024x684-f50_50.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/muambimagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/AP24196753059816-1024x684-f50_50-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/muambimagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/AP24196753059816-1024x684-f50_50-768x513.jpg 768w, https:\/\/muambimagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/AP24196753059816-1024x684-f50_50-629x420.jpg 629w, https:\/\/muambimagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/AP24196753059816-1024x684-f50_50-696x465.jpg 696w, https:\/\/muambimagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/AP24196753059816-1024x684-f50_50-600x401.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Republican presidential candidate former President Donald Trump is surrounded by U.S. Secret Service at a campaign event in Butler, Pa., on Saturday, July 13, 2024. (AP Photo\/Gene J. Puskar)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Apr\u00e8s trente ans de guerres d\u2019occupation, de pillages syst\u00e9matiques et de trag\u00e9die humaine dans l\u2019Est, la R\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique du Congo et les \u00c9tats-Unis ont scell\u00e9 en d\u00e9cembre 2025 un partenariat strat\u00e9gique in\u00e9dit. Qualifi\u00e9 de \u00ab deal minerais contre s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00bb, voulu par les pr\u00e9sidents Trump et Tshisekedi, cet accord fait de la RDC un protectorat am\u00e9ricain de facto \u2013 le moindre mal, certes, mais un tournant d\u00e9cisif. Il met fin \u00e0 l\u2019impunit\u00e9 des r\u00e9seaux mafieux et des arm\u00e9es \u00e9trang\u00e8res, s\u00e9curise les ressources critiques du pays, et impose le respect de son int\u00e9grit\u00e9 territoriale. En assumant ce leadership, Washington offre \u00e0 Kinshasa le cadre militaire et juridique pour restaurer la paix, briser la balkanisation et tourner la page de trente ans d\u2019holocauste congolais.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"575\" src=\"https:\/\/muambimagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Schermafbeelding-2023-03-06-om-15.18.52-1024x575.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4359\" srcset=\"https:\/\/muambimagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Schermafbeelding-2023-03-06-om-15.18.52-1024x575.png 1024w, https:\/\/muambimagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Schermafbeelding-2023-03-06-om-15.18.52-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/muambimagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Schermafbeelding-2023-03-06-om-15.18.52-768x431.png 768w, https:\/\/muambimagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Schermafbeelding-2023-03-06-om-15.18.52-1536x863.png 1536w, https:\/\/muambimagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Schermafbeelding-2023-03-06-om-15.18.52-748x420.png 748w, https:\/\/muambimagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Schermafbeelding-2023-03-06-om-15.18.52-696x391.png 696w, https:\/\/muambimagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Schermafbeelding-2023-03-06-om-15.18.52-1068x600.png 1068w, https:\/\/muambimagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Schermafbeelding-2023-03-06-om-15.18.52-600x337.png 600w, https:\/\/muambimagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Schermafbeelding-2023-03-06-om-15.18.52.png 1556w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pour mettre fin \u00e0 trente ans de guerre d\u2019occupation, de pillage et \u00e0 l\u2019holocauste congolais, huit documents ont sanctionn\u00e9 de longues p\u00e9riodes de n\u00e9gociations entre Congolais, Rwandais et m\u00e9diateurs nationaux et internationaux, \u00e0 savoir : D\u00e9claration conjointe de la RDC et du Rwanda \u00e0 l\u2019occasion de l\u2019\u00e9tablissement des Accords de Washington pour la paix et la prosp\u00e9rit\u00e9, sign\u00e9e le 4 d\u00e9cembre 2026 ; D\u00e9claration de principes du 25 avril 2025 ; Accord de partenariat strat\u00e9gique entre les USA et la RDC ; Accord de paix entre la RDC et le Rwanda du 4 d\u00e9cembre 2025 ; Cadre d\u2019int\u00e9gration \u00e9conomique r\u00e9gionale du 4 d\u00e9cembre 2025 ; Accord-cadre de Doha pour un accord de paix global entre la RDC et l\u2019Alliance Fleuve Congo\/Mouvement du 23 mars (AFC\/M23), du 15 novembre 2025 ; D\u00e9claration conjointe des \u00c9tats-Unis et de la Commission europ\u00e9enne concernant le corridor de Lobito et les investissements dans la r\u00e9gion des Grands Lacs, du 4 d\u00e9cembre 2025.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Parmi ces documents, l\u2019Accord de partenariat strat\u00e9gique entre les \u00c9tats-Unis et la RDC fait de la RDC un protectorat am\u00e9ricain. Il ne s\u2019agit pas d\u2019un plan de d\u00e9veloppement de la RDC concoct\u00e9 par les USA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Qualifi\u00e9 de \u00ab deal \u00bb, l\u2019accord \u00ab minerais contre s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00bb, voulu par les pr\u00e9sidents Trump et F\u00e9lix Tshisekedi, est ax\u00e9 sur le secteur des minerais strat\u00e9giques et critiques. Celui-ci s\u2019inscrit dans le cadre de la comp\u00e9tition technologique et commerciale entre la Chine et les USA pour la r\u00e9partition des sph\u00e8res d\u2019influence entre grandes puissances.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dans cet accord de partenariat, le secteur minier constitue le pilier principal. Pour les \u00c9tats-Unis, il est urgent de mettre de l\u2019ordre dans l\u2019extraction et l\u2019exportation des minerais strat\u00e9giques et critiques pour le bien-\u00eatre des peuples congolais et am\u00e9ricain. Ce secteur doit fonctionner \u00ab conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 la loi et avec int\u00e9grit\u00e9, responsabilit\u00e9 et transparence, et garantir que les ressources min\u00e9rales sont exploit\u00e9es de mani\u00e8re responsable pour le b\u00e9n\u00e9fice \u00e0 long terme du peuple congolais ainsi que du peuple des \u00c9tats-Unis d\u2019Am\u00e9rique \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ce nouveau partenariat accorde \u00e0 la RDC la possibilit\u00e9 de \u00ab diversifier ses partenariats, toujours dans le respect des int\u00e9r\u00eats du peuple congolais, en construisant des partenariats mutuellement b\u00e9n\u00e9fiques qui tirent parti de sa dotation g\u00e9ologique in\u00e9gal\u00e9e et l\u2019\u00e9largissent afin d\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer davantage son d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique par la transformation industrielle, pour une prosp\u00e9rit\u00e9 accrue du peuple congolais \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Le grand tournant<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cette prise de position des USA par rapport aux minerais congolais est une cons\u00e9quence de la coop\u00e9ration sino-congolaise. En 2008, l\u2019\u00c9tat congolais, sous la pr\u00e9sidence de Joseph Kabila, \u00e0 travers la G\u00e9camines et un groupement d\u2019entreprises chinoises (GEC), a sign\u00e9 une joint-venture qui a cr\u00e9\u00e9 la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Congolaise des Mines (SICOMINES SA), dans laquelle les entreprises d\u00e9tiennent 68 % du capital et la G\u00e9camines 32 %. Cette soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de droit congolais a une double mission : exploiter un projet minier et financer des projets d\u2019infrastructures en RDC. Selon l\u2019Inspecteur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de l\u2019Inspection g\u00e9n\u00e9rale des finances, il ne s\u2019agit pas d\u2019un accord \u00ab minerais contre infrastructures \u00bb, mais d\u2019une exon\u00e9ration contre infrastructures. En d\u2019autres termes, au lieu de payer des taxes et des imp\u00f4ts \u00e0 l\u2019\u00c9tat congolais, la SICOMINES finance les projets d\u2019infrastructures pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s par le gouvernement, ex\u00e9cut\u00e9s par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s chinoises.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Par ailleurs, les d\u00e9sordres qui se sont install\u00e9s dans le secteur minier congolais profitent \u00e0 certaines soci\u00e9t\u00e9s chinoises, occidentales et \u00e0 d\u2019autres acteurs mafieux qui \u00e9chappent au contr\u00f4le des \u00c9tats-Unis, malgr\u00e9 certaines sanctions du D\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain. Mettre de l\u2019ordre dans le secteur minier congolais devient ainsi une n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale am\u00e9ricaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"940\" height=\"580\" src=\"https:\/\/muambimagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/G6fGUQZb3Ico46LaI2kh1EiyfYi4awB8.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4358\" srcset=\"https:\/\/muambimagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/G6fGUQZb3Ico46LaI2kh1EiyfYi4awB8.jpg 940w, https:\/\/muambimagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/G6fGUQZb3Ico46LaI2kh1EiyfYi4awB8-300x185.jpg 300w, https:\/\/muambimagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/G6fGUQZb3Ico46LaI2kh1EiyfYi4awB8-768x474.jpg 768w, https:\/\/muambimagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/G6fGUQZb3Ico46LaI2kh1EiyfYi4awB8-681x420.jpg 681w, https:\/\/muambimagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/G6fGUQZb3Ico46LaI2kh1EiyfYi4awB8-696x429.jpg 696w, https:\/\/muambimagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/G6fGUQZb3Ico46LaI2kh1EiyfYi4awB8-356x220.jpg 356w, https:\/\/muambimagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/G6fGUQZb3Ico46LaI2kh1EiyfYi4awB8-600x370.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 940px) 100vw, 940px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cependant, l\u2019importance accord\u00e9e aux minerais critiques congolais replace le Congo au centre des enjeux g\u00e9opolitiques mondiaux. Ignor\u00e9e par l\u2019administration Biden, qui avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 fait le choix de l\u2019Angola et du Kenya comme alli\u00e9s en Afrique centrale et dans la r\u00e9gion des Grands Lacs, la RDC est de retour sur la sc\u00e8ne g\u00e9opolitique mondiale gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l\u2019administration Trump. L\u2019accord de partenariat strat\u00e9gique est clair : les \u00c9tats-Unis d\u2019Am\u00e9rique reconnaissent \u00ab le r\u00f4le central de la R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo en Afrique australe et centrale et son int\u00e9gration future dans un march\u00e9 r\u00e9gional de plus de 600 millions d\u2019habitants \u00e0 court terme \u00bb. Bref, l\u2019\u00e9tablissement d\u2019un partenariat strat\u00e9gique entre Kinshasa et Washington refl\u00e8te le nouveau r\u00f4le central de la RDC en Afrique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pendant plus de trente ans, les minerais congolais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pill\u00e9s par plusieurs multinationales sous le regard de la communaut\u00e9 internationale. Ces pillages ont profit\u00e9 \u00e0 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s chinoises, russes, arabes, asiatiques et occidentales, \u00e0 la faveur des guerres d\u2019agression et d\u2019occupation rwandaises et ougandaises.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La signature de ce partenariat strat\u00e9gique donne aux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s am\u00e9ricaines l\u2019opportunit\u00e9 d\u2019investir en RDC. Cela exige une s\u00e9curit\u00e9 militaire et juridique. En d\u2019autres termes, il faut mettre fin \u00e0 ces guerres de pillage. D\u2019abord, une coop\u00e9ration en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et de d\u00e9fense est relanc\u00e9e entre les deux pays afin de stabiliser et de restaurer l\u2019autorit\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00c9tat sur toute l\u2019\u00e9tendue du territoire congolais. En bref, la RDC doit retrouver son int\u00e9grit\u00e9 territoriale et sa souverainet\u00e9. Les fronti\u00e8res h\u00e9rit\u00e9es de la Conf\u00e9rence de Berlin doivent \u00eatre respect\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery alignright has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<div><a href=\"https:\/\/muambimagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/BC380F9A-AD81-45CA-B378-A1D1CD718EC7-683x1024.jpg\" class=\"td-modal-image\"><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" data-id=\"4357\" src=\"https:\/\/muambimagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/BC380F9A-AD81-45CA-B378-A1D1CD718EC7-683x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4357\" srcset=\"https:\/\/muambimagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/BC380F9A-AD81-45CA-B378-A1D1CD718EC7-683x1024.jpg 683w, https:\/\/muambimagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/BC380F9A-AD81-45CA-B378-A1D1CD718EC7-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/muambimagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/BC380F9A-AD81-45CA-B378-A1D1CD718EC7-280x420.jpg 280w, https:\/\/muambimagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/BC380F9A-AD81-45CA-B378-A1D1CD718EC7-696x1044.jpg 696w, https:\/\/muambimagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/BC380F9A-AD81-45CA-B378-A1D1CD718EC7-600x900.jpg 600w, https:\/\/muambimagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/BC380F9A-AD81-45CA-B378-A1D1CD718EC7.jpg 720w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Freddy Mulumba<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/a><\/div>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bien que cet accord de partenariat strat\u00e9gique soit b\u00e9n\u00e9fique pour les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s am\u00e9ricaines, il pr\u00e9sente deux m\u00e9rites. Le premier fait de la RDC, de facto, un protectorat am\u00e9ricain, comme l\u2019\u00e9crit Andrew Korybko (20 d\u00e9cembre 2025). Ainsi, les porteurs du projet de balkanisation de la RDC n\u2019ont pas d\u2019autre choix que de le mettre de c\u00f4t\u00e9, malgr\u00e9 les illusions f\u00e9d\u00e9ralistes de la r\u00e9bellion AFC\/M23, soutenue par le Rwanda, l\u2019Ouganda et certains acteurs anglo-saxons qui r\u00eavent encore d\u2019une balkanisation pacifique du Congo. Le deuxi\u00e8me m\u00e9rite de cet accord r\u00e9side dans la perspective de mettre fin \u00e0 trente ans de pillage des richesses du Congo et aux massacres des populations congolaises par les arm\u00e9es rwandaise et ougandaise, avec la complicit\u00e9 de certaines puissances occidentales et de leurs multinationales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">De toute fa\u00e7on, l\u2019accord de partenariat strat\u00e9gique entre la Rdc et les Usa reste le moindre mal. D\u2019ailleurs, les minerais congolais \u00e9taient sans qu\u2019aucune institution ou grandes puissances d\u00e9noncent. Seul l\u2019Am\u00e9rique a eu le courage et la volont\u00e9 de mettre fin au drame congolais. Entre deux maux, on choisit le moindre mal, dit-on. Ce qu\u2019on appelle le r\u00e9alisme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"max-width:600px\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"max-width:600px\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><\/h2>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tribune &#8211; Freddy Mulumba Kabuayi Le politologue Freddy Mulumba Kabuayi analyse l\u2019accord strat\u00e9gique sign\u00e9 en d\u00e9cembre 2025 entre la R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo et les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 comme un partenariat \u00ab minerais contre s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00bb. Il y voit un tournant majeur, assimilable \u00e0 un protectorat am\u00e9ricain de facto, qu\u2019il consid\u00e8re toutefois comme \u00ab le moindre [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4358,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[306],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3711","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-geopolitics"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>La RD Congo sous protectorat am\u00e9ricain ? - MUAMBI MAGAZINE<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/muambimagazine.com\/index.php\/2023\/09\/20\/style-magazine-removes-its-rule-about-running-woman-only-covers\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La RD Congo sous protectorat am\u00e9ricain ? - MUAMBI MAGAZINE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Tribune &#8211; Freddy Mulumba Kabuayi Le politologue Freddy Mulumba Kabuayi analyse l\u2019accord strat\u00e9gique sign\u00e9 en d\u00e9cembre 2025 entre la R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo et les \u00c9tats-Unis, pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 comme un partenariat \u00ab minerais contre s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00bb. 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